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Original sin, the tendency among developing countries to borrow excessively in foreign currency (yes, academic economists like to come up with dramatic names for seemingly boring subjects), was a common culprit in economic crises during the 1990s. Long story short, countries found themselves with a lot of cheap foreign capital at their disposal and tended to borrow heavily in foreign currency and usually at very short maturities. The problem is that global capital flows can be rather fickle and often come to a sudden stop, unpredictably, leaving countries strapped for cash. Throw in a domestic currency crash and all of a sudden the value of your foreign debt explodes (a so-called "balance sheet effect"), leaving countries bankrupt.
So, the IDB now reports that Latin American policymakers have taken a "step in the directions of "safer" debt composition." Between 1997 and 2009 foreign currency debt as a share of total public debt has plummeted from 64% to 37%.
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